Relationship of Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Self Efficacy and Change of Dietary Behavior of Nutrition Professional

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of nutritional knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and dietary behavior of nutritionist. Total 190 dieticians of middle and high schools in Daejeon metropolitan city (44.2%) and Chungnam area (55.8%) were surveyed by questionnaires. The change of dietary intakes was used as an index of dietary behavioral change, and dietary self-efficacy are categorized into 4 sub groups of general dietary habit, choice of food, environmental stimulus and emotional conditions. Overall nutritionl knowledge of school dieticians was relatively high as 80.3 score, but specific and detail knowledge about food and nutrition yet have to be strengthened. Dietary selfefficacy of 'choice of food' was the highest with 85.4 and self-efficacy of 'environmental stimulus' was the lowest with 69.7 in the subjects. There was no influence between nutrition knowledge and dietary self-efficacy of school dieticians. According to the level of dietary self-efficacy, the intake of desirable food showed no significant difference, but the intake of undesirable foods decreased as dietary self-efficacy increased (p < 0.001). In the analysis of correlation of change in intake of desirable and undesirable foods with nutrition knowledge and 4 different variables of dietary selfefficacy, a nutrition knowledge variable did not show any correlation with other variables. While, total dietary selfefficacy or each 4 sub items showed negative correlation with the intake of undesirable foods. And all 4 sub items of dietary self-efficacy could be the principal factors to constrain the intake of undesirable foods, but 2 items of dietary habits and emotional condition of 4 sub items are the factors to increase the intake of desirable food. Accordingly, it is suggested that dietary self-efficacy could be a powerful factor to induce the behavioral change of professional dieticians.

The Effects of Alcohol On the Serum Lipid Level of Healthy Adutss

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that hypercholesterolemia is associated with coronary heart disease and that alcohol intake has influence on the lipid metabolism. This study was conducted to evaluate the relations between alcohol intake and serum lipid level. METHODS: We reviewed 906 subjects who had visited for routine checkup at family practice of Hanil hospital and then excluded 130 subjects with DM, renal disease, thyroid disease, hepatic disease or drug administration which might have influence on serum lipids. From the remaining 776 subjects, we obtained the amount and the frequency of alcohol drinking during the previous 2 weeks and the duration of alcohol intake, using a formed questionnaire. The alcohol dependence score was recorded by the National Alcoholism Screening Test. The serum lipids such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol were tested by enzyme method and the obesity index was obtained by Broca's method. These data were analyzed by SAS/PC program RESULTS: The total number of subjects was 776. Of those, 67.7%(n=525) were male and 32.3%(n= 251) females. The mean age of subjects was 50.5 years(range 15 to 77 years). The distribution according to the obesity index was as follows ; underweight group 7.1%, normal-weight group 38.1%, overweight group 31.6%, obesity group 23.2%. The number of the drinkers was 382(49.2%) in males and 7 (0.9%) in females. The mean serum lipid level were compared and analyzed among the groups. The results were as follows ; the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in males and the HDL-cholesterol levels was higher in female. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels increased with age and obesity index, the HDL-cholesterol level decreased with obesity index. In the relationship between alcohol intake and serum lipid levels in males, the geometric mean of triglyceride level was higher among all the variables of alcohol intake, and that of HDL-cholesterol level increased with the amount and the frequency of alcohol intake. The results of multiple regression analysis associated with age, obesity index, the amount and the frequency of alcohol intake in males were as follows ; the triglyceride level was positively associated with the amount of alcohol intake, and the HDL-cholesterol level was positively associated with the frequency of akohol intake. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of age, sex and the obesity index on the serum lipid level are remarkable, and in males, alcohol intake increases triglycaride and HDL-cholesterol levels. Further study is needed to find out about whether alcohol intake have influences on coronary heart disease according to serum lipid levels.

MR Imaging of the Combined Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tears: Focussing on the Patterns of Injuries and Associated Findings

PURPOSE: To evaluate the patterns of injuries and frequency of associated findings on MR imaging in patients with both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears; to compare the associated findings, as seen on MR imaging, in cases with both ACL and PCL tears with those with ACL or PCL tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with combined ACL and PCL tears, 16 with ACL tears and 18 with PCL tears, all confirmed by arthroscopy or open surgery, were involved in this study. To identify the associated knee injuries, MR images were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: In ten patients with combined ACL and PCL tears, open surgery led to the identification of six complete ACL tears (60%), four partial ACL tears (40%), eight complete PCL tears (80%) and two partial PCL tears (20%). Injuries associated with these combined tears, and revealed by MR imaging, comprised six medial collateral ligament injuries (60%), six lateral collateral ligament injuries (60%), five medial meniscal injuries (50%), three lateral meniscal injuries (30%), nine bony injuries (90%), two posterior capsular injuries (20%), and three popliteus muscle injuries (30%). The frequency of popliteus muscle injury was significantly different (p<0.05, Fisher's exact test) between the group with both ACL and PCL tears and that with ACL or PCL tears. CONCLUSION: Associated findings in patients with combined ACL and PCL tears are more frequentthan in those with ACL or PCL tears. In cases involving combined ACL and PCL tears, associated findings-as seen on MR images-should thus be carefully examined.